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Introduction: the complexity of the software system is growing, software and the frequent movement of fierce competition in the software industry to force the software enterprises to improve software quality, wealth of knowledge accumulation and curing and software products as much as possible to shorten the development cycle. So-software reuse, distributed object computing, enterprise-class application development and other technology as one of "middleware-based software development" (CBSD, Component Based Sortware Development) came into being, the technology to software architecture blueprint for the assembly, To reusable software components for the assembly of modules to support the assembly of reusable software, thereby greatly increasing the efficiency of software production and software quality. To this end, the wind of this technology are constantly in-depth study, large software companies (such as sun, microsoft) and software organizations (OMG) have launched a technical support middleware software platform. Faced with advanced technology and the range of middleware software platform, many people feel at a loss and can not start, the paper briefly introduced the middleware technology and features, and compared the focus on the three major mainstream middleware technology platform to enable readers to Middleware technology have a comprehensive understanding.

Middleware technology and the concept of development
As the name suggests, is a middleware application software and system software among a class of software, is independent of the hardware or database vendors (in the middle of their products, to achieve its interconnection) of a class of software, and services to customers is between The connection is the need for further development of intermediate products.


It should be said, middleware and network technology is accompanied by a developed object-oriented technology. Before the computer system is more single system, multiple users through on-line access to the terminal, not the concept of network. After the network, produced a Client / Server computing service model, multiple clients can share the database server and print server, and so forth. With the further development of the network, the software needs of many different manufacturers in the networking products, hardware platforms, heterogeneous network environment running under the agreement, the scale of application development from LAN to WAN. In such circumstances, Client / Server model also exposed the limitations, so middleware emerged. Middleware is in the operating system and application software between the General Services, its main role is to shield the network hardware platforms and operating systems and differences in the heterogeneity of network protocols so that applications can be relatively smooth run at different Platform. At the same time middleware in load balancing, connection management and scheduling plays a big role in regard to enterprise applications significantly enhance the performance, to meet a key business demand.
Current support server-side middleware technology platform
Study the distribution of the current mainstream technology platform, the main OMG CORBA, Sun's J2EE and Microsoft DNA 2000. They are to support the development of server-side middleware technology platform, but has its own characteristics, will be described below.
1.OMG the CORBA
CORBA distributed computing technology is based on numerous OMG organization open systems platform for manufacturers to target the distribution of content interoperability formulated on the basis of CORBA norms.
CORBA distributed computing technology, by the great majority of manufacturers of computing platforms supported by the system and abide by the norms, a model of integrity, advanced and independent of the platform and development language, support for a wide range of features, have gradually become the distributed computing technology Standards. COBRA standards are divided into three levels: object request broker, the object of public services and public facilities. The bottom is the object request broker orB, provides a definition of the object (interface) and linguistic mapping, to achieve the targets of communications and interoperability, is distributed object system of "soft Bus"; orB on the definition of a lot of Public services can be provided with services such as name, services (trading) services, security services, a variety of services to the top of the public facilities are components of the definition of the framework, to provide direct operational targets for the use of the services, Provides business targets for effective collaboration agreement rules. At present, CORBA compatible with the emerging distributed computing products, including manufacturers of orB middleware products, such as BEAM3, IBM Component Broker, manufacturers have distributed object launched products, such as IONAObix and OOCObacus, etc..
CORBA norms of recent developments, an increase of Internet-oriented features, service quality control and CORBA Component Model (CORBA Component Model).
Internet integration features include a firewall against IIOP transmission (Firewall) and the internal operation of the definition of a URL naming format of the Naming Service (Naming Service).
Including the ability to control the quality of services with the quality control of asynchronous messaging service, a group of embedded systems for the CORBA definition of a set of real-time CORBA and fault-tolerant CORBA at the request of the programme.
CORBA CCM (CORBA Component Model) technology, is in support of the POA CORBA specification (version 2.3 later), based on the current combination of EJB on the basis of norms develop. CORBA component model, is OMG for organizations to develop a distributed application development and deployment of server-side middleware standard model, which mainly include the following three elements:
a. abstract component model, server-side components used to describe the structure and components of the structure of interoperability;
b. component of containers, to provide a common component operation and management of the environment and support for security, services, durable state services such as system integration;
c. Members of the configuration and packaging standards, CCM packaging technology to manage the use of binary components, multi-language version of the executable code and configuration information and to develop a package of specific elements of XML-based content and the content of the document standards.
In short, CORBA is characterized by Daer Quan, interoperability and openness was very good. CORBA disadvantage is the large and complex, and technology and standards updates relatively slow, COBRA norms from 1.0 to 2.0 upgrade the time is very short, but Must version of the publication on the relatively slow. In the use of specific applications are not many.
2.Sun the J2EE
In order to promote the Java-based server application development, Sun in 1999 was launched at the end of the Java2 technology and related J2EE standard, J2EE objectives are: to provide platform-independent, portable, support concurrent access and security, fully Java-based The development of server-side middleware standards.
In J2EE, Sun is a complete Java-based application development for enterprises of norms, which, in distributed interoperability agreement, J2EE at the same time support the RMI and IIOP, and server-side in the construction of distributed application forms, Including the Java Servlet, JSP (Java Server Page), EJB, and other means to support various business needs, and Java applications with "Write once, run anywhere" features, making J2EE technology in the field of computing has been released quickly发展.
J2EE simplifies the components scalable, server-side components in their application of the complex, although the same DNA 2000, but the biggest difference is that DNA 2000 is a product, J2EE is a standardized, di
fferent manufacturers can realize their own norms with J2EE Products, J2EE norms, is involved in the development of many manufacturers, it is not unique to Sun and its support for cross-platform development, many large distributed computing platform manufacturers have openly supported and J2EE compatible technology.
EJB is Sun introduced Java-based server-side component part of the J2EE standard, since the launch of J2EE, by a wide range of development, has become the standard application server technology. SunEJB technology is the local component in the Java Bean, based on the development of applications for server-side component technology. It is based on Java language, provides a Java-based byte binary code reuse way. EJB is a server-side distribution system of standardized components, including the components, component interface standard containers and packaging components, component configuration, and other standard specifications content. The introduction of EJB technology, making use Java component-based method of server-side distributed application development possible. Enterprise applications from the perspective of multi-storey structure, EJB is业务逻辑层middleware technology, and JavaBeans different, it provides transaction processing capacity, since the three-tier structure, the middle layer, which is业务逻辑层is processing services The core, separated from the data storage layer, replacing the position of most of the storage layer. From the perspective of distributed computing, EJB like CORBA, distributed technology provides the foundation. Provide a means of communication between objects.
From the perspective of Internet technology applications, EJB and Servlet, JSP application server with a new generation of technical standards, EJB in the Bean can be divided into conversation Bean and entities Bean, the former maintaining conversation, the latter processing services, and the client is responsible for Servlet Communications, visit EJB, and the results generated through the JSP pages returned client.
J2EE has the advantage of the server market or the mainstream of the mainframe and UNIX platforms, which means that the Java development component, can do "Write once, run anywhere", the development of applications can be configured to include any Windows platform, server-side environment He said.
3.Microsoft DNA 2000
Microsoft DNA 2000 (Distributed interNet Applications) is introduced in the Microsoft operating system platforms Windows2000 series, based on the extension of the distributed computing model, and the series of Back Office server computing products after the publication of the new distributed computing architecture and norms.
The server side, DNA 2000 provides ASP, COM, Cluster, and so support the application. At present, DNA2000 the technical structure has tremendous advantages. On the one hand, because Microsoft is the operating system platform vendors, DNA 2000 technology has been a strong underlying operating system platform to support the other hand, because of Microsoft's widely used operating system platform, to support the system of application development platform for the large number of manufacturers, In practical application, DNA 2000 has been the introduction of many application developers and support.
DNA 2000 integration of today's most advanced distributed computing theories and ideas, such as transaction processing, scalability, asynchronous message queue, clustering and so on. DNA can be made based on the Microsoft platform for the development of the application server components, including matters such as database services, asynchronous communication services and security services, by the bottom of the distributed object system.
Microsoft led to the DCOM / COM / COM + camp, DDE, OLE to ActiveX, and so on, provided the basis for the development of middleware, such as the VC, VB, Delphi and so on to support DCOM, including OLE DB, the new database access technology With the release of Windows2000, Microsoft's DCOM / COM / COM + technology, in DNA2000 distributed computing based on the structure, opened up a whole new component of the distribution model. First of all, DCOM / COM / COM + components still use ordinary COM (Component Object Model) model. COM initially as a Microsoft desktop system component technology, mainly for the local OLE applications, but with the Microsoft NT server operating systems and the release of DCOM, COM through the bottom of the component technology makes remote support extended to the distribution of applications. DCOM / COM / COM + more for the expansion of its server-oriented distribution of the middleware business logic. COM + by the relevant services, such as load balancing, memory database, object pool, components and configuration management, etc., DCOM / COM / COM + will be COM, DCOM, MTS function naturally united together to form a concept, Strong function of the component application architecture. Moreover, DNA2000 is provided by the manufacturers of a single component object model, developers are using the same manufacturers to provide a series of development tools, this combination of a number of development tools than the more attractive.
But it is dependent on the lack of Microsoft's operating system platforms, thus the development of systems in other platforms (such as Unix, Linux) can not play a role.
Comparative Analysis of the correlation
At present, the above calculation of the distribution platform technology, are all experiencing a similar and comparable Distributed Component, CORBA CCM (CORBA Component Model) technology, SUN the EJB (Enterprise JavaBean) technology and DNA 2000 in the COM / DCOM / COM + technology.
For more than three distributed computing platform, the paper commonly used by the industry from the practice of the following three aspects:
Integration: Integration of the main reflected in the basic platform for application interoperability on the support of capacity. It demands in different machines and operating system platforms, using a different language or development tool to generate the types of business applications can be integrated together, constitute a unified framework for enterprise computing. This integration framework must be established on the basis of the network and have the ability to integrate legacy applications;
Availability: requirements adopted by the software component technology must be mature technology, the product must also be a mature product, in the critical enterprise applications can be stable, safe and reliable operation. In addition, since the database in the enterprise computing play an important role in software component technology should be tightly integrated with the database technology;
Scalability: integration framework must be scalable, able to coordinate different design patterns and implementation strategy, based on the needs of enterprise computing tailoring, and can respond quickly to market changes and technological developments. By ensuring the application of reusability, the greatest degree of protection for corporate investment.
The following table from the integration, availability, scalability of the three, given the three mainstream distributed computing platform for the results.

Although all three platforms because of its historical background and a business background is different, each has its own characteristics and emphasis, in fact, they have great between the same and complementarity. For example, EJB provides a clear concept, the compact structure of the distributed computing model and component interoperability means, for application development component provides considerable flexibility. However, since it to be in the early stage of development, so it is difficult to define its shape. CORBA CCM is an integrated technology, rather than programming. It provides a functional module of the various components of treatment and their bundled with the adhesive. EJB and CORBA to a large extent can be seen as complementary. WEB meet this demand for the
development of applications, many manufacturers attach great importance to promoting multi-EJB and CORBA technologies, the future may be built on the RMI IIOP on. CORBA is not just CORBA orB, is also a very integrity of the distributed object platform. CORBA EJB can expand the network, language, border component, the operating system in a variety of applications. At present, many platforms can achieve EJB components and CORBA Component interoperability. With the EJB and between CORBA interoperability between the convenience of comparison, DOCM and CORBA interoperability between the relatively complicated to some, although very similar to DCOM and CORBA. DOCM roughly equivalent to the interface pointer CORBA objects used. In order to achieve CORBA and DCOM interoperability, OMG in CORBA3. 0 norms, by adding the relevant DCOM CORBA interoperability and the realization of norms, and to provide the interface methods. Because the commercial interests of the reasons, the EJB and DCOM did not provide each other between the basic methods of operation.